A study of why Norway did so much better than UK and Greece in the Dissertation

A study of why Norway did so much better than UK and Greece in the financial crisis - Dissertation Example It is obvious though that government economic policy does shape the quantitative results as can be determined from the GNP and GDP. Because of this, the global financial crisis also highlighted the different approaches that governments employ in managing the economies of their respective countries. The experiences of Norway and Greece expose the fundamental differences in government’s type of leadership in the economic sphere, particularly in finance. While many countries, including the economic powers reeled in the midst of recession, Norway’s economy grew stronger by almost 3 percent while its government enjoyed an 11 percent surplus budget (Thomas 2009). Greece’s economy, on the other hand, started to plummet at the onset of global financial crisis. While Norway, despite its relatively robust economic policies, managed to institute reforms to cushion the impact of the recession, Greece continues to experience worsening social turmoil brought about by the crisi s. The Greek government gets a huge part of the blame as it failed in the area of financial management. According to the Global Financial Integrity analyst Dev Kar, â€Å"over the past decade ending 2009, Greece lost an estimated US$160 billion in unrecorded transfers through its balance of payments† (2010). This extremely blatant example of economic mismanagement is just one of the major factors that have caused the current financial crisis in the Mediterranean country. Further explications of the reasons why Norway fared much better than Greece during the global financial crisis would be presented in this literature review. The development of Norway’s economy took a long and tedious process before it achieved its current healthy conditions. While the uncertainties plagued the country in the decades and centuries before, it has been able to sustain its growth since the 1970s. There were times since the mid-1970s when the growth rate slowed but, compared to the respect ive economies of its European neighbours, Norway’s steady development has been considered as unprecedented. Ola Honningdal Grytten of the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration points out that there are three major factors that contributed to the economic growth of the country, particularly in the 19th and 20th centuries. Grytten identifies these as the country’s richness when it comes to natural resources, its skilled labour force, and its willingness to make use of the latest technology for productive endeavours (2010). In his article, Grytten acknowledges that government policies play a very important role in the maximisation of the said assets. For a long time, since the years of the economy’s rapid development, Norway was led by the Labour party. The Labour-dominated government initiated countercyclical policies which resulted in deindustrialization in the 1970s, a process which many economists, was regressive in essence. Countercyclical policies include the imposition of heavy taxes on business to generate funds for the government, particularly for its welfare programmes. During those times, the country was on the path of becoming one of the most advanced welfare states in Europe. Grytten’

Macbeth as tragic hero Essay Example for Free

Macbeth as tragic hero Essay The play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, is a tragedy about a Scottish lord, Macbeth, who becomes too ambitious. He starts off as a brave, loyal and noble man, but his ambition and thirst for power lead him onto a path of ruthlessness and self-destruction, and ultimately his own death. While Macbeth is manipulated by various people and occurrences, the main ones being the witches, Lady Macbeth and Fate, one theme that remains constant throughout the play is the power of choice. Macbeth does have the ability to choose, and it is this ability that makes him a tragic hero, not a victim. There are certain characteristics that someone must have in order to be considered a full tragic hero. One of the main ones is that the character must have a fatal flaw. In Macbeths case, it is his vaulting ambition (1:VII:27). Ambition can be a good thing, but when in large doses as Macbeths was, it can be dangerous, and, as Macbeth proved, even fatal. Another important characteristic of a tragic hero is the conflict between good and evil, and the choice between these two things. Macbeth consciously chooses evil over good. A victim, on the other hand, has no power over what happens to them. Macbeth did have some control over the situation, which means that he was not a victim. However, Macbeth himself cant be entirely to blame. He was influenced and manipulated, particularly by the witches. If the three Weird Sisters (1:V:7) had not said anything to Macbeth in the first place then none of it would have happened. The Weird Sisters put the idea of becoming king hereafter (1:III:49) into Macbeths head, and, consequently, the idea of murdering King Duncan. The witches knew that this would happen, they wanted it to happen. They also manipulated Macbeth later on in the play, with the three apparitions. They gave him false confidence, and, once again, they knew and wanted this to happen. They created toil and trouble (1:IV:10), and they created it on purpose, to lead Macbeth to his demise. However, Banquo was also present at the first meeting with the Weird Sisters, and they made a prophesy for him, too. But Banquo chooses to ignore what they say. Macbeth could have made this choice as well, but he didnt. Although the witches did manipulate Macbeth, he wanted to believe their prophesies, and he chose to believe them. Another person who was a big influence on Macbeth was his wife, Lady Macbeth. He was going to let chance crown me king (1:III:43), but Lady Macbeth knew that this wouldnt lead to anything. She also knew that Macbeths sense of loyalty and honour could stop him from killing Duncan and therefore becoming king and fulfilling his ambitions. She urges him to look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent undert (1:V:63-64). She also questions Macbeths manliness, another weak spot of his. She knows that he doesnt like her doing this, and she knows that its a good way of persuading Macbeth to do what she wants him to do that its a good way of manipulating him. But Macbeth wanted to be manipulated. He let his wife influence him. If he really didnt want to murder Duncan then he wouldnt have. Even before he spoke to Lady Macbeth he was having horrible imaginings (1:III:37). Even though Lady Macbeth helped turn these into realities, she did not physically force her husband to commit murder. Once again, Macbeth had the freedom, power and ability to choose. Another important role in the Macbeth is the role of Fate and destiny. Being a tragic hero, Macbeth was destined to die from the beginning. It could have even been Fate that Macbeth made the wrong choices. However Fate cant manipulate, Fate just is. Macbeth says that he is going to leave everything up to chance, but he doesnt. He chose not to. Perhaps this was also due to Fate, but what would have happened if Macbeth had chosen not to kill Duncan? This is another thing that makes Macbeth a tragic hero the audience is left feeling sympathetic about what might have been. No matter how manipulated, everybody has the power of free will. The fact is that Macbeth chose his path himself, and although Fate may have played some part in his downfall, the power of choice played and even bigger part. The ability to choose overrides Fate and destiny. The entire play could just be put down to human nature. Greed, power, ambition; greed for power and ambition is a part of human nature. However human nature is a bit like Fate, in that it cannot manipulate, it just is. Nearly everyone would like to believe that they can be great, and if they are told so would want to believe it. Macbeth just takes it one step further  by making it happen. In a way Macbeth is taking Fate into his own hands. His vaulting ambition drives him to do this. It is Macbeths ambition that leads him to murder people, as well as leading to his own death. His ambition ultimately becomes his nemesis, which makes him a full tragic hero. Macbeths ambition and his greed for power is like a fire. The witches, Lady Macbeth and Fate did manipulate him and add fuel to the fire, but the spark had to be there first in order for them to do this. Although Macbeth was influenced and manipulated a great deal, he still had the power and the freedom to choose. It is the choices he made that make Macbeth not a victim, but a full tragic hero.

High Speed Wireless Broadband Network in Malaysia

High Speed Wireless Broadband Network in Malaysia The intention of this final year project is to study about the high speed wireless broadband network in Malaysia. This project consists of two major parts; which are investigating of problems of service in wireless broadband network and improvement and enhancement in wireless broadband network in Malaysia. For each part, is further divided into the making of comparison between wireless broadband providers in Malaysia. The research part requires the study about the improvement and enhancement about the wireless broadband technology in Malaysia and the latest technology that can be implement in Malaysia. In this project, for the comparison part, focused on famous and big company of wireless broadband provider such as Celcom ,DiGi,Telekom Malaysia and P1WiMAX in their technology and problems occur. Apart from this, we will know the best technology in wireless broadband. The project of the development of wireless technology throughout Malaysia should be view not only from the provider side but also from the user point of view. Furthermore, user wants the best for them and the main aspect in enhancing the wireless technology in Malaysia. This final year project gave exposure in about all the technology been used in implementing the wireless technology. Any related or useful knowledge gained during formal study was able to be applied during the completion of this project. Furthermore, this project also gave valuable experience throughout the research in searching for the information. This project is very useful and meaningful as high speed wireless broadband has a very wide range of user. The technology is usually use to connect people everywhere and one of the key of information. The advantages in using wireless broadband over fixed line cable of these systems are wireless technology not using any cable so it is wireless and portable. It also has premier performance depending on the technology being used. MOTIVATION: The author has been motivated to write this report for various reasons.Scientific research in the wireless multimedia communication field is growing fast.Futhermore,the design of different technologies in wireless broadband technology offering different performance will make the author eager to find out the best for both users and providers. The impressive evolution of mobile networks and the potential of wireless multimedia communication pose many questions to operators,manufacturers and scientists working in the field.The future scenario is open to several alternatives such as thoughts,proposals and activities of the near future could provide the answer to open points and dictate the better and improved trends of wireless world.Because of this,the author is very enthusiasm to participate in the research to the Malaysia in enhancing and developing the wireless technology. Nowadays, the usage of Internet is become essential in humans life. Internet can help us in doing many tasks in our daily life. One can say that life mean nothing without Internet market. However the browsing activity will occur some problems such as the coverage, speed and other limitation. This phenomenon has inspired the author to research the high speed wireless technology that will bring benefit to the user. This research will help both provider and user in bringing wireless technology to the further stage. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT: The main objective of this project is to study and research about the high speed wireless broadband network and to compare the main wireless broadband providers in Malaysia. The research will reveal the best provider and technology for the customer to choose. Therefore, in order to achieve the target, the objectives listed below should be met. Firstly is to analyze on each technology that been use to come out with the best technique to make this wireless technology better. Secondly, is to study the improvement and enhancement in wireless broadband network in Malaysia and finally, the most crucial part of the project is to make comparisons between main wireless broadband network provider in Malaysia by considering in many aspect such as their technology, problems and services. PROJECT DESCRIPTION: In this project, a detail research about wireless broadband in Malaysia had been studied. For the improvement and enhancement in wireless broadband part, the main goal is to improve and enhance the technology of the wireless. The requirement for this research is the wireless broadband technology must require both provider and user satisfaction. Both providers and users want to improve coverage, call quality, lower the cost, traffic management and the services. All of this can be achieve by using better technology such as HSDPA,iBurstâ„ ¢,WiMAX and others so that the final product will be easy to install, best quality, affordable and portable The main wireless in Malaysia are DiGi,P1WiMAX,Celcom and Maxis. This provider use different technology for last mile. So, comparison has been proceed between those technologies so find their pro and cons. This report and project is intended for use by graduate students approaching research activities in the wireless communications area and by professional engineers and project managers involve in wireless design,aiming for better and at consolidating their future vision of the wireless multimedia world. Current mobile and wireless system and architectural concepts must evolve in order to cope with complex connectivity requirements and also users need. Scientific research in this truly multidisciplinary field is growing fast. This project will discover and reveal about the new technologies,new architectural concepts and new challenges that are emerging. PROJECT ARRANGEMENT This project comprises of two major parts which are compare and research part. For the comparison part, it can be further separated into the customer side and the provider side.In order to satisfy both sides,survey been made and interview been proceed.The information achieved from the company will be private and confidential similar to the personal information of the customer .This is true data from both side without any hesitate from them. This project was handled by two persons. The persons who are involved in this project are the author and partner; The author is responsible in improvement and enhancement in wireless broadband network in Malaysia while Nur Kamila Mohd Kamil is responsible in investigating of problems of service in wireless broadband network.Both of us will focus on comparison between the main wireless provider is Malaysia. THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE PROGRESS OF THE PROJECT: Initial Stage: Initially, a complete and comprehensive literature review is done to gain as many information as possible, to ensure a thorough understanding before any planning or generating of ideas is done to generally start the project. The entire literature review consists of a variety of information obtained from the Internet, books, journals that have information about wireless broadband. Development Stage: In this development stage, the entire information gathered in the first stage is investigating all the information collected at the first stage.At this stage also we have done comparing the wired cable and also wireless broadband by interviewing Telekom Berhad.We distributing survey to know customer point of view.To collect more information,we also interview other broadband provider. Final Stage In this final stage, the process for this project becomes more complicated and specific. It is because this final stage deals with compiling and analyzing the data and information collected at the initial and development stage. However, collecting data is still proceed in this stage as there are a lot of information and wireless broadband is getting wider and the technology are getting better day by day. That is why this stage is very important in learning how to adapt the technologies that never stop growing, which is invaluable to any engineering student. CHAPTER OVERVIEW: This report has been conceived to cover several traditionally separated chapters,there by offering the complete guide to approach issues related to the wireless multimedia communication network improvement and enhancement. Chapter 1 covers the objectives that the author wants to achieve to ensure the success of this project and the overall ideas related to the project are explained in detail. Chapter 2 covers literature review on the improving and enhancing the wireless broadband and background of the major technologies that been studied in completing this project. This chapter contains a brief overview of all the theory that was collected throughout the researched. Chapter 3 covers methodology involved in this project. The method to obtain all those result described. Chapter 4 contains result from the analyzing all the data collected in this project through research, interview and survey. This result is described base on the theory researched before. Chapter 5 contains the conclusion for the entire project and its achievements.Recommendations for future improvement is also stated in this chapter. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW: In this chapter 2,the report will provides the readers with all those technologies adopted in current wireless communication systems and the author also presents some proposed the latest technologies that already implement abroad to be done in Malaysia.This chapter will be devided into 2 parts; improvement part and enhancement part.Chapter 2 also explained about the Malaysias government plan in developing broadband technology and also overview about the main wireless broadband providers in Malaysia. INTRODUCTION TO BROADBAND: Any type of transmission technique that carries some data channels over a common wire refers to broadband.DSLservice, combines separate voice and data channels over a single telephone line, is one of the case of broadband technology. Broadband constitutes any form of high-speed Internet access using this transmission technique in home networking. Voice fills the low end of the frequency spectrum and data fills the high end in DSL. General broadband Internet technologies are both DSL and cable modem. Devices that support both DSL and cable are broadband routersand broadbandmodems.Fiber (FTTH)and fixed wireless are other types of home broadband. Can bear the network bandwidth at least 256Kbpsfor connections in one direction is a general guideline to meet the criteria as a broadband Internet service. The term broadband generally refers to high-speed Internet access that faster than the typical dial-up access and that is always on. Broadband is dissimilar from dail-up where broadband service supplies higher-speed of data transmission. The transmission pipeline will allows extra content to be carried through it. On the other hand, broadband offers access to the highest quality Internet services such as streaming media, VoIP (Internet phone), gaming, and interactive services. Many of these current and newly-developing services require the transition of large amounts of data that may not be technically practical with dial-up service. Therefore, broadband service may be ever more necessary to access the full range of services and opportunities that the Internet can offer. Broadband is always on so there is no need to reconnect to network after logging off. For this reason it does not block phone lines. Broadband has less delay in transmission of content. (http://www.broadband.gov/about_broadband.html). Broadband in Malaysia: Malaysian broadband users are growing in numbers every day.According to an AC Nielsen survey in 2009,Malaysians ranked third in the global ranking of the Digital media consumers,who spend over 20 hours a week watching streamed or downloaded content from the Internet.It is undeniable that there is a growing need from Malaysians for a better broadband service.The reason why broadband has become a necessity is because moving to tne web-o-sphere is inevitable for any corporate entity today.The broadband and Internet opens up a host of business opportunities,options and solutions allowing market expansion and growth.Broadband enable Malaysian to communicate.They can communicate via e-mail as well as other social networking sites and the Internet sometimes functions as students virtual classroom and for students course work. Broadband service is an important need of companies.They could suffer losses as slow services would hinder the online experience.As Malaysian are already in the IT world, Malaysian dont just need a broadband service,but need one that is better.As Malaysia is develops,the usage of the internet becomes even more vital as Malaysia has a high number of users,Internet service providers should cater the best for the users.Broadband service is a necessity for the corporate world as well as personal use.Internet is the integral part of the modern world.It is time for Malaysian to enjoy something that they need less hassle as technologies have allowed room for improvement in the Internet service. (daripade malay mail paper). Malaysia National Broadband Initiative (NBI). The National Broadband Initiative is the governments initiative to provide broadband service to the whole country and highspeed broadband with high economic activities.The target is to connect 50 percent of Malaysian households to broadband by 2010.This measurement on household will futher be enhanced by considering other elements that would better reflect the use of broadband by the citizen such as taking into account cellular mobile penetration,PC ownership,use of internet in Community Broadband Centres,office and school.Under the NBI,highspeed broadband service will be 10Mbs and below.The era of slow Internet (dail-up) connection will be over and of course broadband will transfer peoples lives. The aim is to narrow the gap between the haves in urban areas,and have-nots in rural areas,often referred to as the digital divide.This imbalance in communication access can have social ramifications if not address at the nation al level.In Malaysia,the push to narrow down the gap between the urban and rural has been entrusted to the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commision (MCMC).MCMC is mandated to work towards narrowing the inequalities of access that exist in underserved areas and populations.MCMC has overseen project that have steadily reduced the number of areas that were not served by telecommunications services. Speeding Up Malaysias Tranformation: ICT and Internet are recognised as vital support services and platform in driving all other sectors in the social economic growth of nations along the lines of knowledge based and Digital economy.As a logical follow-through of the ICT development for the country following earlier related initiatives in computerization,upgrading and Digitalisation of the communications networks,the introduction of the multimedia super corridor (MSC) in the 1996,the advent and the phenomenal take up the Internet and IP-based technologies,the nation has indeed stepped up with the introduction of NBI in October 2004. The strategy adopted under the NBI was to address the availability of broadband as an engine of growth and need to bridge the Digital divide with the objective of providing equitable access to communication services. More importantly ,the citizen have access to basic amenities to basic amenities through the Internet such as health and emergency services,schools, government and local services and of course other consumer services. Under NBI, rural communities will be connected to broadband services through the Community Broadband Centre located throughout the country.The competitive environment generated by the communications and multimedia industry has propelled the widespread adoptation of broadband through availability of affordable package and choices to the Malaysian public hence increasing the connectivity of the citizen and reach to market. Moving Towards Innovation Economy: With broadband,Malaysian will have access to the Internet,information and services that can be capitalised to improve socio-economic standing.Rural communities in the hard-to-reach places especially,can use broadband to gather useful information and access to services at their fingertips,without having to go far and wide.Broadband is expected to have tangible impact on Malaysias Gross Domestic Product (GDP).It will increase national competitiveness and foreign direct investments plus enable a knowledge-based and innovation driven economy.NBI targets 50 percents households to get broadband service by end of 2010.It is a government initiative to provide infrastructure in line with the new economic model,aims to transform Malaysia into knowledge based society generating the high income economy. In overall term, it aims to improve,the nations socio-economic standing globally.As the NBI will provide the service to the whole country,so every one will be entitled to the broadband service including those in the rural areas.This access to knowledge could be extended to family members and communities which in turn will enrich the nation. With the NBI, economic innovation can also help bridge the socio-economic gap.The broadband service,has leveraged the small medium enterprises and entrepreneurs (SMEs) to market their products to much larger networks via the world wide web.Although there are concerns usage Internet will expose the people to negative influences,but to curb it, Internet also provides the education and knowledge at the fingertip. Malaysias government on its part will take proactive action to prevent negative elements to stringent monitoring and enforcement of laws.Just as much as the country will get the economic benefits there are other aspects that Malaysia can gain from the improvement and enhancement of the broadband service too.The advantage of broadband service are limitless. INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY: Wireless is very essential.Wireless networksis presenting a network having no wires as wireless network can connect your computer to a network using radio waves and so you can move your computer wherever easily. Wireless network has made a network very portable because of digital modulation, adaptive modulation, information compression, and access multiplexing. IT Consulting group with IEEE certified 802.11b technology, introduced wireless networks. With wireless networks, you will experience the privacy and personal computer security extra than before. Air is the medium for the wireless network. A wireless networks have offering very flexible, roaming, high standard and low cost. There are different types of wireless network such as wireless LAN, wireless MAN, and mobile devices network. 2.2.1 Types of Wireless Networks and network usage: Imagine the world is completely without wire. It must be amazing and very comfortable. Without using any wires, by means of communication, a wireless network able to two or more than two computers.Depends on the technology which is using, wireless networksutilizes spread-spectrum orOFDM. User able to travel about within a wide coverage area and they still can be connected to the network with wireless network. There are different types of wireless networking such as wide area network, local area network and personal area network but the most common are of two which are WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network) and WMAN(Wireless Metropolitan Area Network). The usage of wireless networking greater than ever gradually because it has influenced vital impact on the world therefore its uses have substantially developed. Through wireless networks, you can send information over the world using satellites. As wireless network utilize to commune significant information speedily, wireless networks used in emergency services like police department nowadays. It doesnt matter to be in a small office or across the world, the growth of wireless network increasing develops both in people and businesses to send and share data rapidly. An extra very important exercise for wireless networks is as a cheap and fast way to be linked to the Internet in regions especially where telecom transportation is insufficient and no source for communication. You can get access to other network resources like Library Online System to make use of wireless networks because to move your laptop anywhere is very easy nowadays. The use of printer, file sharing and other docum ents with high security is also can be implement with wireless network. (http://www.freewimaxinfo.com/wireless-network.html). IMPROVING THE HIGH-SPEED WIRELESS BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY: Commonly, wideband of frequencies is available to send out information is called broadband refers to telecommunication in which a. Because a wide band of frequencies is available, information can be multiplexed and sent on many different frequencies or channels within the band concurrently, allowing more information to be transmitted in a given amount of time (much as more lanes on a highway allow more cars to travel on it at the same time). Related terms arewideband(a synonym),baseband(a one-channel band), and narrowband(sometimes meaning just wide enough to carry voice, or simply not broadband, and sometimes meaning specifically between 50cpsand 64Kpbs). Meanwhile wireless mean wireless is a term used to describe telecommunications in which electromagnetic waves (rather than some form of wire) carry the signal over part or all of the communication path. Wireless is better than wired cable because wireless technology is portable, has premier performance and flexible configuration and integration. Both provider and user want to improve the coverage.So that,the signal has good indoor penetration for residential and enterprise applications fast rollout and wide coverage.For the wireless broadband company they want to improve and achieve better capacity which can support sufficiently high number of simultaneous users.Call quality is one of the factor that both user and provider want to improve so that it will have low latency, high data-rate and high reliability and uptime.Generally user want to have affordable, differentiated tariff packages that suit different user needs plus low CPE (customer-provided equipment )price. Improving services is also essential so that user has opportunity to replace existing fixed line voice services and upgrade anything regarding their broadband without any complicated policy.Beside that, technology is based on open standard to enable economic of scales and wide adoption.The roadmap of the broadband also must be well defined to enhance technology or broadband services. Traffic management must achieve 80% of the bandwidth for 80% of the users (and not 20% of the users). Broadband should have sufficient spectrum for large-scale deployment long-term growth. Wireless broadband needs to deliver something that is affordable by the user with low cost CPE, low access price, and attractive value-added services -broadband data and voice.Broadband which is easy to install, simple installation and no need for phone lines (broadband on the go) plus best quality which has quick connection and consistently good performance.Finally user want to has portability which has pervasive coverage (including indoor) and always connected. WiMAX: Also known as IEEE 802.16, WiMAX is a wireless digital communications system that is intended for wireless metropolitan area networks. In Malaysia,P1WiMAX is the company that use this technology to implement wireless broadband.WiMAX can give broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations, and 3 10 miles (5 15 km) for mobile stations. On the contrary, the WiFi/802.11 wireless local area network standard is limited in most cases to only 100 300 feet (30 100m). The bandwidth and range of WiMAX make it suitable for connectingWi-Fi hotspotsto the Internet, providing a wireless alternative to cable andDSLfor last mile broadband access. Besides providing data, telecommunications andIPTVservices (triple play),WiMAX also providing a source of Internet connectivity as part of a business continuity plan. That is, if a business has both a fixed and a wireless Internet connection, especially from unrelated providers, they are unlikely to be affected by the same service outage. Finally WiMAX provides portable connectivity. WiMAX technology: Extending broadband wireless access to new locations and over longer distance,WiMAX (802.16) is the next stage to a broadband .In the wireless world,WiMAX reducing the cost of bringing broadband to new areas. WiMAX (802.16) technology provides wider range and bandwidth than the other available or forthcoming broadband wireless technologies such as Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi). It offers a wireless option to wired backhaul and last mile deployments that use cable modems, Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOGS1S), Digital Subscriber Line technologies (DSL), T-carrier and E-carrier (Tx/Ex) systems and Optical Carrier Level (OC-x) technologies. Based on the typical connection to the public wireless networks by using optical fibre, microwave link, cable or any other high speed connectivity, the backhaul of the WiMAX (802.16) is created. Mesh networks, Point-to-Multi-Point (PMP) connectivity is also used as a backhaul in a few cases. WiMAX (802.16) should use Point-to-Point antennas as a backhaul ideally to join subscriber sites to each other and to basestations across long distance. A Subscriber Station (WiMAX CPE) typically serves a building using wired or wireless LAN.Using Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) or LOS Point-to-Multi-Point connectivity,a WiMAX basestation serves subscriber stations; both connections is referred to as the last mile communication.WiMAX (802.16) should use NLOS Point-to-Multi-Point antennas to connect residential or business subscribers to the WiMAX Basestation (BS) preferably. Type of WiMAX and receiver: TheWiMAXfamily of standards (802.16) focus on two types of usage models which are afixed WiMAXusage model and amobile WiMAXusage model. Thefixed WiMAXserves the stationary and pedestrian classes meanwhile amobile WiMAXnetwork access system is one that can address the vehicular class Until now one of the important restrictions to the widespread acceptance of WiMAX has been the price of WiMAX CPE (WiMAX Receiver). This is not only the price of WiMAX CPE (WiMAX Receiver) itself, but also that of installation. The idea of a self-installed WiMAX CPE (WiMAX Receiver) has been difficult for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) from the beginning, but with the arrival of WiMAX technology this issue seems to be getting resolved. In the past, BWA has been predominantly Line Of Sight (LOS), requiring highly skilled labour and a truck role to install and provide a service to customer. WiMAX design: Internal devices and a WiMAX tower are the contents of aWiMAX basestation. Some other and environmental issues bound the limits of WiMAX range to 10 km or 6 miles. A WiMAX basestation can normally covers the area of about 50 kilometres or 30 miles radius. The WiMAX basestations would use the media access control layer defines in the standard and would allocate uplink and downlink bandwidth to subscribers according to their requirements on real time basis. Any wireless user within the coverage area would be able to access the WiMAX services. WiMAX in future: Compare to the typical Wi-Fi hot spots, WiMAX technologycan make high speedwireless broadbandInternet services available to much larger areas. Greater than the physical distance limitations of Wi-Fi hot spots or DSL, WiMAX technology can also be used to interconnect existing Wi-Fi networks. WiMAX Technology can play a significant role in helping service providers to deliver converged services that can be accessed using a broad range of devices on a wide variety of networks.WiMAX implementations can provide a wireless range of up to 30 miles or 50 kilometres. By given different capabilities while allowing for seamless integration at the technical level, 3G and WiMAX Technology solutions fit well together. To become highly spectrally efficient, 3G technologies have evolved over many years allowing operators to take benefit of costly spectrum dedicated to mobile services. 3G CDMA technologies such as W-CDMA and CDMA 2000 1xEV-DO provide high through puts in low bandwidths as 5 MHz and 1.25 MHz, respectively. Treat to WiMAX and security: WiMAX security, stability and quality of service are some of factors involved in declining the WiMAX technology performance. In this subchapter author is going to discuss the threats involved in WiMAX. WiMAX basestations andWiMAX Customer Premise Equipments are the content of the WiMAX wireless access network. The WiMAX basestations provide network add-on to the WiMAX CPEs. AWiMAX Customer Premise Equipment(WiMAX CPE) selects the one which offers the strongest signal as a servingWiMAX basestation. At this point, aWiMAX basestationand a collection of servedWiMAX Customer Premise Equipments (WiMAX CPEs) play the role of system while the subscriber plays the role of the user. TheMedium Access Control(MAC) layer andphysicallayer are two of most important layers of protocol architecture of WiMAX Technology. Common Partsub layer is the essential part of WiMAX technology layered architecture.MAC ProtocolData Units (PDUs) are constructed, connections are established and bandwidth is managed in this layer. With the Convergence layer, the Common Part (CP) exchangesMACService Data Units (SDUs). Tightly integrated with Common Part is thePrivacy sub layer. With the Physical layer ,the Security sub layer exchanges MAC PDUs. The Convergence layer adapts units of data of higher level protocols to the MAC SDU format, and vice versa. Sorts the incomingMACSDUs by the connections to which they belong by The Convergence layer. Received and transmitted through coding and modulation of radio frequency signals, ThePhysical layeris a two-way mapping between MAC PDUs and Physical layer frames. Type of treats in WiMAX are Rouge Basestation,DoS (Denial of Service) Attacks,Data Link-Layer Threat,Application Layer Threat,Physical Layer Threat,Threat, Authentication, Key, Theft, Water and finally Black Hat Threat. The primaryWiMAX securityconcerns from the point of view of an end user are privacy and data integrity. Users need guarantee that no one can eavesdrop on their sessions and that the data sent across the communication link is not tampered and usually achieved through the use ofWiMAX network encryption. An importantWiMAX securityconsideration is preventing unauthorized use of the network services. From the service providers point of view, using strong authentication and access control methods. The service providers need to prevent fraud should be reasonable against the difficulty that it may impose on the user. Thephysical layer, and theprivacy sub layer are the example of authentication and access controlthat can be implemented at various levels of the network. Multiple-input multiple-output communications(MIMO) technology onWiMAX: The use ofMultiple-input multiple-output communications(MIMO) technology onWiMAX, which is the technology brand name for the implementation of the standardIEEE 802.16 is called WiMAX MIMO. Multiple Input and Multiple Output or MIMO, refers t

Christmas, Retailers, And The Santa Claus Conspiracy :: essays research papers

Christmas, Retailers, and the Santa Claus Conspiracy Well it looks like it's that time of year again, when colourful lights are hung on trees, families spend time together, and retailers swim naked through their money. You guessed it, I'm talking about Christmas, one of the many holidays that have lost their meaning to commercialization. Forget the memory of Jesus Christ, now's the time to pay homage to the almighty buck. Nowadays when someone thinks of Christmas or Easter the idea of Christianity is one of the last to come into their mind (although I don't think it could have been made much easier -- "Christ"ianity, "Christ"mas -- what kind of minds are we dealing with?). It's far more likely that their first thoughts will be about buying the perfect gifts, having the most eye-damaging house decorations on the block, or having a hairy old fat man in red underwear arrested for putting their child on his lap and whispering to them to tell him what they "really" want (strangely enough there are some parents out there who actually pay money each year to have this abuse inflicted upon their children). The whole idea of Santa Claus is one of the scariest I've come across and yet we embrace it. The entire story sounds like something you should threaten your kid with if he doesn't want to eat his veggies. As I understand it he's supposed to be a fat man wearing red underwear who is capable of sliding down your chimney unharmed in order to quietly slip into your house while you're sleeping. If he really existed I'd be sitting up with a loaded shotgun every Christmas Eve, not dreaming of gifts while this lunatic could be slicing the throats of everyone in my house! And to add to the horror he is said to use "elves" to manufacture "toys" in a little "workshop" in the North Pole. This entire elf story sounds like a softening cover-up fed to us as propaganda. The truth of the matter is there's a Mafia hitman out there named Santa the Claw who runs a sweatshop using illegal child labour to manufacture products in a remote location where he can't be easily apprehended; or so that's what my skills of deductive reasoning tell me. So why the cover-up? Simple. The retailers, businessmen, and all the other bad people are all in on it since they realized long ago the amount of money they could make by marketing the "Santa Claus" idea. So like everything about the holiday, it reverts to money.

Contemporary International Problems Essay

The United States of America experienced various disputes and wars in its history. Some of these armed conflicts do not only take place within their boundaries because there are also some battles that they have to fight in another country’s territory. The reasons for engaging in such warfare may either directly or indirectly involve the U. S. However, one thing is sure, that in the country’s every participation there is a certain interest that its officials want to fulfill. This kind of situation is what exactly took place in the U. S. ntervention in the Vietnam War. The U. S. government wants to achieve a certain national interest that will work for their benefits. The Vietnam War started in 1954 when the Communist-led parties of the Vietnamese Nationalist and the Vietminh army defeated the French forces. France was forced to recognize North Vietnam as communist while leaving the Southern part of the country as non-communist. Nevertheless, the U. S. did not approve this situation especially the establishment of communist leadership in North Korea. President Dwight D.  Eisenhower ordered the establishment of political machinery in South Vietnam. This includes creating a government that replaced the French leadership as well as deploying military advisers that will train the South Vietnam army. The Central Intelligence Agency of the U. S. also employed psychological warfare in order to weaken North Vietnam. The United States government explicitly expressed its participation and commitment in the Vietnam War when they ordered continuous air bombing in North Vietnam by means of the Tonkin Golf Resolution. The war ended in January 1973 through a diplomatic agreement that resulted in the U. S. withdrawal from Vietnam in exchange for the release of U. S. prisoners (Rotter, 1999). The intervention of the U. S. in the Vietnam War is part of their national interest of establishing democracy in different countries and controls the spread of communism. During the Cold War two conflicting forces are involved namely: the Communist bloc and the Democratic bloc. The U. S. leads the Democratic group, which is why they are doing all the necessary means to combat communism. Their intervention in the Vietnam War is an effort to stop other Asian countries from following the principles of communism especially since Ho Chi Minh is the one leading the Northern part of the country (Rotter, 1999). The American government believes that communism is an enemy because it defies every value and principle that the U. S. upholds such as: free trade and democracy. In relation to this the operations of the U. S. against the Communist bloc is largely dependent upon their belief in the Domino Theory. The Domino Theory is similar to a set of dominoes wherein toppling one of it will result for the others to follow suit. In the same manner, Vietnam represents the first domino that toppled down. The U. S. deemed that if they will not intervene in the Vietnam War other countries in the Southeast Asian region would also adhere to communism (Rotter, 1999). Another reason for U. S. involvement in the Vietnam War is their goal of influencing other countries to follow the path of democracy and adhere to the values and principles that the U. S. stands for. By doing so, the U. S. ould be able to win their battle with the soviet bloc and at the same time establish their position as the world’s superpower. The U. S. government encouraged other countries to follow their ideals by giving military and economic aid to them. This is observable when they helped France in maintaining its Indochina colonies. The U. S. also applied the Domino Theory in acquiring more countries in their side. They think that by showing other countries the development of France, they would choose democracy over communism, as this would entail more benefits for them (Rotter, 1999). The U. S. intervention in the Vietnam War clearly shows that the country tend to intervene in others’ affairs in order to accomplish their national interests. The U. S. government used the resources that they have in order to pursue their objectives. They took advantage of the conflicts that is happening in the other parts of the world so that they could defeat the soviet bloc and control the spread of communism. In doing so, they were able to emerge as one of the most powerful countries in the world.

Comparative religion Essay

When classifying the world’s major religions they can easily be split up into two groups: Eastern religions and Western religions. The Eastern religions consist of Hinduism, Buddhism and Taoism. The Western religions consist of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Almost all of these religions have come about within existing religious frameworks. Eastern and Western religions share many qualities while differing in many as well. Hinduism, Buddhism and Taoism are monistic, meaning they see god in all things. The Eastern mind sees God everywhere, in all things, and sees everything as sacred. Their ultimate reality is an entity and not necessarily a god. â€Å"God† is not personal and not to be thought of as a brother or father, but as so much more. Eastern religions see one kind of reality. They view all beings as equal in value. The individual is not actually real and the separateness of humans from creation and from one another is an illusion to be overcome. Human nature is viewed as naturally ignorant and we better ourselves by being enlightened. Following dharma is the good life, which is being in harmony with universal order through personal duty. In Eastern religions, enlightenment is attained within the individual. In Buddhism, it is nirvana; In Hinduism, it is the yoga; In Taoism, it is wu wei. Reincarnation is a central belief; so some things are not that big of a deal, such as justice or injustice. They believe there is one true god and all religions speak of him. There are many paths to god. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are monotheistic faiths, which mean they believe in one god. The Western mind considers it heresy to believe that God pervades all things, and makes a strong difference between what is sacred and what is profane. The god of Judaism, Christianity and Islam is a god of history not of nature, the world reflects him but he isn’t to be found in it. God is personal and tended to be thought of in terms of what we know, such as a father figure, etc. Western religions are dualistic, meaning there are two kinds of reality, material and non-material. It is viewed as heaven and hell. Each of these western religions believes that humans are here to submit themselves to god. There are sharp distinctions made between humans and the rest of the natural world. The individual is the same throughout eternity, and the separateness of humans from creation and from one another  is real and permanent. Human nature is viewed as sinful and we become better by taking control of our sinful nature. The good life is obeying the laws of god. In Western religions, enlightenment is attained through significant people conveying god’s word to the ordinary people. This occurred through the prophets Adam, Abraham, Moses, Muhammad, Jesus. There is only one chance at life, and this is probably why Western religions seem to have more emphasis on justice. They believe there is only one true god and one true religion and all non-believers will spend eternity in â€Å"hell.† Eastern and Western religions also share many traits. Each of the groups has come about within other religions. Buddhism grew out of Hinduism, and Christianity and Islam grew out of Judaism. Each believes there is more to reality than what we experience with our senses. Eastern and Western religions alike have specific creeds, guidelines, doctrines or orderliness. Hinduism has the Bhagavad-Gita; Buddhism has the four noble truths; Christianity has the Bible; Judaism has the Hebrew Bible and the Torah; and Islam has the Koran. In the texts of these religions, many of the stories are moral stories meant to help us and not always factual. In these Eastern religions, they all meditate and reach a state of enlightenment. These Western religions all pray to god and have faith that god will help and have mercy on them. Each gains a better sense of self although by different means. They each teach to have compassion, love your fellow man, help those less fortunate, and live the best life you can. The most important similarities would be the thought and knowledge of existence outside of our realities. Morals are also where they balance with each other. Man’s destiny is viewed by both groups as lying in his own hands. Man can choose to enlighten himself or save himself, or choose not to. These are the most significant views shared. This is where they share the most common ground. The most important differences would be that eastern religions see truth in all religions and western religions see truth only in their religion. The way natural things are viewed set the groups apart significantly. Eastern religions see everything having value and western religions see only people  having value and nothing else. Western religions have had prophets to speak god’s word. Eastern religions say everyone can reach ultimate reality. These are the ideas that separate eastern religions and western religions so greatly. There are some common themes in all religions. All religious beliefs allow us to understand and categorize our world and our place in it. There is value in all religions that honor life and individuals potential. They are all concerned with ultimate reality, only seen from different angles. A common theme is charity. All religions emphasize charity and helping out those who need it. Happiness is a common theme, which is what is drawn together from religious experience. Wisdom is attained as a result of religion and its practice. The Eastern religions could teach the Western religions tolerance. Western religions only see themselves as â€Å"right† and dismiss all other views. This is not easily justified and just reaffirms eastern thought that humans are naturally ignorant. So that alone discredits the assumption on the western part that they are â€Å"right.† The Western religions could teach Eastern religions about dualism. One could say that although this reality is a certain way, who is to say that the next or continual one will be similar? They could see dualism within the reality. My approach to religion was greatly affected by my upbringing. I was raised as a Baptist. I blindly followed just as all children do. When I reached the â€Å"Age of Reason†, I took a serious look at the faith and came to my own conclusions. I figure that if the way I learned it is the way that it is, then there is no use in practicing it. If god is vengeful and could damn me to hell for eternity, then I don’t want anything to do with him. That certainly does not sound Supreme to me. I have a hard time believing the doctrine that we were created for the sole purpose of serving him and fighting down the human spirit. I would rather try to see life as being something to enjoy and make the most of it. I am considered â€Å"agnostic† and do not know where most men are sure. I feel that most organized religion has been around to control and limit people. Eastern religions appeal to me  because they are not necessarily based on doctrine. I view all beings as equal, t ry to live a good life, and don’t attempt to speak of things that I cannot conceive. Religion is definitely becoming more of a tolerable subject among those who are intolerable. The persecution of religious groups seems to be slowing down, very slowly. The future of religion is identical to the future of human existence. As long as human beings are around, they will use religion to place themselves in this world and understand themselves. As humans, we tend to be very self-important and make ourselves feel better about ourselves, and give ourselves meaning so we do not feel that we do not have a significant place in the world.

Free Essays on Ag Aviation

It’s 4:30 in the morning when the alarm goes off. You crawl out of bed and look outside through the dark to see a starry sky and a slight rustle in the leaves. It’s time to move, the aphids and leafhoppers have been busy working all night causing destruction to the crop and the weeds are still choking the yield out of a good crop, both of which threaten the farmers future. You have a busy day lined up†¦over 9,000 acres to spray and more coming in every day. You hope that the wind doesn’t pick up too much so that you can get in a full day of work. You can hardly believe that you have logged nearly 100 hrs in just the past week alone trying to stay caught up filling customer orders. Your muscles burn from the strain of piloting the heavy, overloaded aircraft through so many low-level high-G turns. You preflight your aircraft and go over the work orders that you prepared the night before looking for critical information such as environmentally sensitive areas and field borders. You notice a light north wind blowing which means that half of your spray runs in the field will be into the rising sun. Very beautiful, but also very deadly as the bright sun likes to hide field obstacles. The cool morning air is smooth and you drag your heavy airplane up to 300 feet to fly out to the field. You fly over the field and look very carefully, sometimes poles are hidden in the trees on either side of the field leaving just the wire in between. This scenario has killed quite a few pilots. You check for other obstacles and plan how to maneuver to avoid houses as your 600 H.P. P&W engine is very loud. You make a wide sweeping turn to line up on the field while you set up and calibrate your GPS swath guidance equipment and check the flight instruments one more time. You enter the field at a wheel height of 3 to 5 feet and 110 MPH for optimal results and make constant altitude adjustments to maintain swath height. You take in... Free Essays on Ag Aviation Free Essays on Ag Aviation It’s 4:30 in the morning when the alarm goes off. You crawl out of bed and look outside through the dark to see a starry sky and a slight rustle in the leaves. It’s time to move, the aphids and leafhoppers have been busy working all night causing destruction to the crop and the weeds are still choking the yield out of a good crop, both of which threaten the farmers future. You have a busy day lined up†¦over 9,000 acres to spray and more coming in every day. You hope that the wind doesn’t pick up too much so that you can get in a full day of work. You can hardly believe that you have logged nearly 100 hrs in just the past week alone trying to stay caught up filling customer orders. Your muscles burn from the strain of piloting the heavy, overloaded aircraft through so many low-level high-G turns. You preflight your aircraft and go over the work orders that you prepared the night before looking for critical information such as environmentally sensitive areas and field borders. You notice a light north wind blowing which means that half of your spray runs in the field will be into the rising sun. Very beautiful, but also very deadly as the bright sun likes to hide field obstacles. The cool morning air is smooth and you drag your heavy airplane up to 300 feet to fly out to the field. You fly over the field and look very carefully, sometimes poles are hidden in the trees on either side of the field leaving just the wire in between. This scenario has killed quite a few pilots. You check for other obstacles and plan how to maneuver to avoid houses as your 600 H.P. P&W engine is very loud. You make a wide sweeping turn to line up on the field while you set up and calibrate your GPS swath guidance equipment and check the flight instruments one more time. You enter the field at a wheel height of 3 to 5 feet and 110 MPH for optimal results and make constant altitude adjustments to maintain swath height. You take in...

Pakastanian Women essays

Pakastanian Women essays After viewing the film Purdha in class, I found many different types of positions, issues, and interests for three sides of the problem: the men of the rural Pakistani villages, the women of those villages, and the western worlds point of view. A position is when someone says what they want An issue is a question which defines dispute, and an interest is parties desired goals. After viewing this film, I also had a lot of anger built up inside of me to see how the women are treated over there; however, I will not be discussing my anger, but only my response to the abuse the women go through because of Pakistan peoples beliefs. The problem with this issue is that hundreds of women are killed and burned each year. This makes their children in danger by showing that this might happen to them, and its ok for this to happen. Women have absolute no rights and they are invisible to men. They must be covered head to toe when they are allowed to go out of their house. Women have fewer rights than the men in Pakistan. If a man kills a women, they dont get in trouble; however, if a women kills his husband in self defense, they are sentenced to ten years in jail or they are put on death row. The other problem is that the outer world doesnt understand that this is part of their beliefs and they think negatively upon them. The mens positions with this problem are to kill their wives, burn them, and beat them if they even think they are having outside relations with another man. Fathers positions are to kill their daughters if they dont agree with getting married with out their own will. The men of Pakistan dont want the women to have education or any freedom of their own. Their positions barley gets them in trouble. There is a slim chance in getting caught; however, if they do, they are sent to jail for a brief amount of time. The men also want to follow the teachings of the...

Building and Presenting Power Relations in Roots

Building and Presenting Power Relations in Roots Alex Haleys 1976 novel, Roots, portrayed the history of a Kunta Kintes family as an epic story of survival. Haley presented the history of a man and his family torn apart, but not broken, under enslavement in America. The experiences that ravaged Kunta Kintes family life display the lack of institutional power of those enslaved. Although Kunta and Bell do not have institutional power, they do possess a limited amount of power within their nuclear family unit. Haleys depiction of an enslaved family contradicts reports on the black family by sociologists such as E. Franklin Frazier and the Moynihan Report, which supported a matriarchal family structure. Roots depicts Kunta and Bell as equals, with regards to the amount of power vested in each individual. Neither the female nor the male, has a greater amount of power. Both are virtually powerless. Haleys novel, Roots, portrays the conflict between the lack of institutionalized power and the limited amount of familial power. Roots was published at a time where the structure and history of the American black family was a very contentious issue. In 1965, approximately ten years before the novels publication, the U.S. government published the Moynihan Report. The report placed the blame for continuing black inequality, upon the very structure of the black family.1 Moynihans central thesis was that the black family was crumbling and that a major part of the blame lay with the black matriarchy extant in the black community.2 Much of the information in the infamous Moynihan Report was first publicized by the prominent black sociologist Franklin Frazier, who published one of his studies on black culture in 1939. Frazier wrote that, the Negro woman as wife or mother was the mistress of her cabinand her wishes in regard to mating and family matter were paramount.3 In a sense, the Moynihan Report updated the early findings and observations of Frazier. Scholars such as Robert Staples and Angela Davis rose to challenge the assertions made by Frazier and Moynihan. Staples stated that a matriarchy is a society in which some, if not all, of the legal powers relating to the ordering and governing of the family-power over property, over inheritance, over marriage, over-the-houseare lodged in women rather than men.4 He argued that a matriarchal family structure was not plausible because the black woman was exploited because of both her gender and race.5 Davis was another sociologist who refuted the matriarchy thesis. She stated that the matriarchal structure presented by some ignored the profound traumas the black woman must have experienced when she had to surrender her child-bearing to alien and predatory economic instincts.6 In the novel Roots, Alex Haley depicts the struggles of an enslaved family. Under enslavement, Kunta Kinte and Bells lives are dictated by their status of being owned by Master Waller. Bell has a limited amount of power when it comes to trivial matter such as the appearance of her cabin, but when it comes to important matters such as keeping the family together, Bell (and Kunta) possessed no institutional power. Evidence which refutes Fraziers thought that the mother had control over her cabin and family life, is displayed when Kunta and Bells child, Kizzy, is sold. Neither of her parents can change the horrible fate of their only child. Bell pleads with Master Waller, Don split us up!,7 but to no avail. Kunta tries to physically save his daughter but he crumpled to his knees8 after he is hit by the butt of the sheriffs pistol as it crashed above his ear.9 Both the mother and the father, female and male are rendered powerless in the situation. This example exemplifies Davis thoughts on the lack of institutional power held by enslaved women, in the face of the whims of their masters. The cultural stereotype of the domineering black woman belies the existence of the masses of black women who constituted a defenseless group against the onslaught of white racism in its most virulent sexual and economic manifestations.10 The lives of enslaved women could be destroyed at any moment. After Kizzy was taken away, she was sold to a man of the name, Tom Lea2E The first night Kizzy is under Leas ownership, he rapes her. Then came the searing pain as he forced his way into her, and Kizzys senses seemed to explode.11 After Kunta and the other Africans get off the big canoe and wait for the slave auction to commence, he and his mates had had to sit there, burning with humiliation at being helpless to defend their women, let alone themselves.12 The women were powerless, as they could not stop the continual rape at the hands of the toubob and the men were powerless because they could not aid the women. Another instance where Kunta feels hopeless because he cannot aid a woman in need, occurs while at a slave auction, he hears a chained Jola woman shrieking piteouslybeseeching him to help her13 he feels a rush of bitter, flooding shame14 at the prospect that he could not or did not do anything to help the woman. After an argument concerning a visit Kizzy was to have with Missy Anne, Bell lay sleepless in their bed that night, he sat sleepless in the stable beneath the harnesses. Both were weeping.15 Neither of them, as parents could control whether or not their child went. Master Waller said he promise Missy Anne to drop Kizzy off at Massa Johns.16 Even though Kunta objected to this strongly, he could not do anything about it. It was not within his power it was outrageous enough to have to sit by and watch while Kizzy was turned slowly into a lap dog, but now they wanted him to deliver the animal to its new keeper.17 Under slavery, the family structure of the enslaved was neither matriarchal or patriarchal. How could it be? The lives of those bound under slavery were fully controlled by their master. Even the basic rights naming was controlled. When Kunta arrived at his first plantation home he was given a new name, Massa say your name Toby!.18 Kunta was flooding with rageand he wanted to shout I am Kunta Kinte, first son of Omoro, who is the son of the holy man Kairaba Kunta Kinte,19 but he could not utter a word. Kunta had no power. There were instances within Roots, where both Kunta and Bell exercised power to control aspects of their lives, albeit a limited amount of power. Bell had been on the Waller plantation for many years and as the cook for the main house, she had access to information and the master that many field slaves did not, Bell had more influence on the massa than anyone else on the plantation, or probably all of them put together.20 Bell, along with her daughter Kizzy, had another form of power, they were partially literate. Ultimately though, these powers hurt the interests of Bell and Kizzy. Even though Bell had such high standing with Master Waller, she still had no say in the sale of her daughter. Part of the reason Kizzy was sold, was because of her ability to read and write. Kizzys intellectual powers ultimately rendered her powerless. Kunta also struggled to retain power within his life and relationship with Bell. The naming of their daughter was one instance where he asserted power. Kunta wished to keep the traditions of his homeland alive. One way was by naming Kizzy by the same ritual as he was named in Juffure. Bell was reluctant to allow this but as deeply as Bell disapproved, she was even more apprehensive of what Kunta would do if she refused.21 Kunta named their daughter Kizzy, which as he explained to Bell, meant you sit down or you stay put which, in turn meant that unlike Bells previous two babies, this child would never get sold away.22 Unfortunately Kuntas wish for his child, as it was represented by the name he gave her, did not come true. Kizzy was sold and even though Kunta had some power within his own family, he did not have the institutional power necessary for stopping his (and Bells) greatest fear from happening. Alex Haleys poignant novel, Roots, depicts the fight for survival as it was experienced by the family of Kunta Kinte. The novel brutally portrays the conflict between the slaves lack of institutionalized power versus the power they retained within their family unit. Through many harrowing experiences, Haley presents Kunta and Bell as ultimately powerless in the face of their oppressors. Although the novel displays the precarious and vulnerable living conditions of Kunta and Bell, it also celebrates the resiliency of this family. Contrary to the beliefs presented by Frazier and Moynihan, the slave system did not and could not engender and recognize a matriarchal family structure. Inherent in the very concept of the matriarchy is power'.23 The portrayal of the enslaved family in Roots refutes the myth of black matriarchy. The novel does not try to prove a patriarchal family structure, it simply presents the lack of power of those enslaved. Notes 1. U.S. Dept. of Labor, The Negro Family: The Case for National Action (Washington, D.C. : GPO, 1965). 2. Robert Staples, The Myth of Black Matriarchy, Black Scholar, 2 Jan.-Feb. 1970, 341. 3. Deborah White, Female Slaves: Sex Roles and Status in the Antebellum Plantation South, Journal of Family History, 8 Fall 1983, 248 4. Staples, 336. 5. Staples, 335. 6. Angela Davis, Reflections on the Black Womans Role in the Community of Slaves, Massachusetts Review, 13 Winter/Spring 1972, 84. 7. Alex Haley, Roots (New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1976), 452. 8. Haley, 452. 9. Haley, 452. 10. Staples, 334. 11. Haley, 455. 12. Haley, 214. 13. Haley, 322. 14. Haley, 322. 15. Haley, 385. 16. Haley, 385. 17. Haley, 385. 18. Haley, 232. 19. Haley, 232. 20. Haley, 336. 21. Haley, 367. 22. Haley, 368. 23. Davis, 82.

Lessons from Tribal People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lessons from Tribal People - Essay Example According to ManKiller and Lyon tribal mind set is different from Other Americans as they are pure in their thoughts and feelings. They have the gratitude to life, nature and God. They value relationship and hard work. As per ( Spaid )â€Å"Mankiller says the Cherokees, who dont live on a reservation, are not as isolated and have more industries than most Indian peoples†. Mankiller suggest that the universal nature of tribal people is that they value their tradition and culture enormously.Living a simpler tribal existence means staying away from complexities of urban life. The life in the modern world is just a way to destroy nature. In the modern world, the natural resources are exploited and man has less consideration for nature and humanity. According to (Jayson,) â€Å"Primitive people lead self-sufficient lives that do not destroy the biosphere that supports them† .Simple tribal life is pure and living in alliance with nature and respecting earth its creature and God. Anistara, . "The Hopi and Kogi Tribes." http://worldnativesunited.tribe.net. Utah Street Networks, 2004. Web. 14 Feb. 2014. . Jayson, Ray. "SEA GYPSY TRIBAL PRINCIPLES." http://theseagypsyphilosopher.blog spot.com. Aw esome Inc., 2011. Web. 14 Feb. 2014. . Spaid, Elisabeth L. "Rebuilding a Nation : Cherokees: Chief Wilma Mankiller says her job like being president of a tiny country, a CEO and a social worker.." http://articles.latimes.com. The LosAngeles Times, 1992. Web. 14 Feb. 2014.

About sales people as employee performance Essay

About sales people as employee performance - Essay Example between employee performance and sales people I would have the chance to check the differences in the form of the above relationship, as appeared in markets worldwide. In other words, I could evaluate the current potentials of employee performance to influence sales people, and vice versa. Current training course has been related to a series of problems. At the first level, not all students are aware of all aspects of employee performance. In this way, delays appear in different phases of the courses. At the same time, existing material related to employee performance is vast. Identifying the material referring solely to sales people takes more time than estimated, a fact that will necessarily affect the progress of the course. The instructions used in the particular course will be aligned with the course’s theme. Emphasis will be laid upon the review of material that is appropriate for understanding the course’s subject. Emphasis will be also given on the development of examinations for checking the progress of learners. Examinations will be based on exercises related to the course’s key issues and its sub-issues. Instructions should be available online, in the school’s website, so that participants are able to check the progress of their exercise, without the intervention of a third person. My instructional strategy would have two different characteristics: it will be interactive, available through the Internet for review, and b) direct instruction. In addition, a different instructional strategy can be used anytime for evaluating the performance of sales people as employee performance. The course will be divided into 8 sections; each section will focus on the examination of a particular issue of employee performance. The relationship between employee performance and sales people will be also analyzed. The schedule will be structured as follows: five sections will refer to employee performance; the sections, during which the relationship between

Columbia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Columbia - Essay Example can exacerbate civil wars.† The United States has experienced limited tactical success in fighting the drug menace, by dismantling drug cartels, pressuring the Colombian Government to attack these cartels and fumigating the coco crops. But this has not diffused the problem because drug production continues despite the crackdown measures of the U.S. Government, with drug production shifting inland into territory controlled by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia and aiding in the insurrection of this Party against the Colombian Government. How then can the proliferation in coca production and thereby increase in drug traffic be curtailed? Studies appear to suggest that it is the economic benefits that are to be gained by coca production which is the causal factor that increases production, therefore one of the ways to tackle this problem appears to be by providing better economic incentives. Another reason for the explosion in drug trafficking is the civil war in Colombia which enables the coca and poppy growers to escape the crackdown by the Government and law enforcement authorities. Lastly, the most important reason why the drug trade is flourishing has to do with the strong demand that exist in the United States. This is the major reason why drug production thrives, therefore it appears that coca eradication and aid to end the civil war in Colombia may not be as effective in eliminating the drug problem as tackling the problem of the demand that exists in the United States, through a comprehensive drug eradication policy. Therefore, the best way to control excess production of illegal crops in Colombia is for the United States to clamp down on the growing demand within its own territories. 1. It appears that it is largely economic factors that are propelling the proliferation in growth of coca in Columbia and the concomitant violence that ahs been the result. In a recent, comprehensive study conducted by Holmes et al (2006), the relation between

Questions about Managing People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Questions about Managing People - Essay Example Secondly, by being in the ASEAN region culture plays a big role in terms of dictating how individuals behave. In this region, individuals are expected to think, act and live collectively as members of a family and or group. Those who do not are rejected by society. The dabbawalah organisation provides an environment within which the employees can satisfy both their existence needs and relatedness needs. The sense of belonging, affiliation and meaningful interpersonal relationships is as important as the physiological material needs in collectivist societies such as the Indian society. In the case Sapan Mare confirms this when he states that his family has been in the tiffin business for four generations. It is therefore likely that the tiffin-walahs are driven to increase their performance by the strong affiliation they have and the sense of ownership of the business. Vroom’s Expectancy Theory: Vroom’s expectancy theory states that motivational force is a combination of valence and expectancy. Valence is the anticipated satisfaction from an outcome whereas expectancy is a perception of the degree of probability that the choice of a particular action will actually lead to the desired outcome (Mullins 2010a). ... It could also be argued that there is some form of external pressure from either family or society for tiffin-walahs to join the trade. With these two arguments, and taking into consideration that the culture here is largely collectivist, it is possible to conceive that tiffin-walahs get satisfaction in joining the â€Å"ancestral† business. This high sense of ownership implies that their valence is high. Secondly the fact that they are also shareholders compels them to work harder thus increasing their expectancy. According to Vroom’s expectancy equation, combining the high valence and high expectancy equates to a high motivational force (Mullins 2010a). High motivational force makes the tiffin-walahs to increase their level of performance which results in the overall Six Sigma capabilities of the organisation. Herzberg’s two factor theory: Herzberg’s theory states that there are two sets of factors, hygiene and motivating factors, which affect motivati on and job satisfaction. Hygiene factors are extrinsic to the job and are concerned with the job environment. They prevent dissatisfaction. Motivation is largely affected by the other set of factors, motivators, which are related to the job content (Mullins 2010a). From the evaluation so far one can identify that the dabbawalah scores highly in term of extrinsic factors while its intrinsic factors are not as remarkable. Example of the dabbawalah service’s extrinsic factors include: a very sociable job, strong policies on discipline and offences and job security – â€Å"it lasts for as long as the member is strong enough to do the work (from Case Study)†. However, according to Herzberg’s theory, the factors we have listed above have no effect on satisfaction,

Global Health and Turkey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Health and Turkey - Essay Example Global Health and Turkey This effort by the government is a good healthcare move because in Turkey cardiovascular diseases are the highest cause for death in non-communicable diseases. The country population growth rate is at 1.2 percent according to the 2012 statistics. Turkey’s population is estimated at almost 81 million. Turkey has had tremendous progress technologically, economically, politically and medically. The biggest positive change to happen in Turkey is its dedication to reducing tobacco use amongst its citizens. The government’s commitment to help in the fight against tobacco use is a beneficial asset to the Turkish people. This is aimed at enhancing the life quality of its nationals. There are still numerous challenges that are still in existent in the country this include the high rate of infant mortality rate, the high unemployment rate and inadequate water supply. Cardiovascular diseases remain the main challenge resulting in deaths alongside deaths from diabetes in non-commun icable diseases. There are currently programs in Turkey that target respiratory diseases, inactivity, obesity and anti-tobacco use. Despite the adequate funding allocated towards health promotion and education, there are no current policies, programs or action plans in operation to increase awareness of cardiovascular diseases. Behavior Tobacco use is an urgent issue that has to be addressed in Turkey. In relation to the question, it is essential to note that Tobacco use in Turkey is so vast that it affects the majority of the population in the country. To curb this alarming trend, it is critical that certain programs and policies have to introduce to increase awareness of the increased use of tobacco. This increased tobacco use has led to high death rates as a result of cardiovascular diseases. To change this behavior of tobacco use, there has to increased awareness of measures to prevent to halt the spreading of this trend. To enable this, screening measures have to be accessible to all the populations to halt tertiary complications resulting from continuous use of tobacco (Phillips & MacCracken, 2012). Targeting non communicable diseases will enhance the life quality of the individuals. Specific Population Affected The majority male adults are the segment of the Turkish population that is likely to benefit from these anti-tobacco policies that will be introduced. This is because mostly the adult males at their prime ages engage in this vice of tobacco use. In Turkey according to national statistics, 30 percent of the population is engaged in tobacco use. This, however, is a minimum statistic as the rates of smoking a said to increasing by the day. Among the highest users of tobacco, 48 percent is men. Tobacco use amongst the men in tobacco has been equated to the fight against terrorism. Because of the extensive use of tobacco, the stereotype of Turkish being smokers gets adopted throughout the globe. Methods to improve this situation To improve this condit ion and in general and to improve the health of Turkish nationals, the following measures have to undertake to curb this vice. Policies shave to be introduced and implemented to curb the continuous abuse of tobacco in Turkey. Amongst the policies, to be passed include the introduction of smoke free environment where there should be no smoking in public places and indoor places (Skolnik,2008). This prevents the exposure to

Columbia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Columbia - Essay Example can exacerbate civil wars.† The United States has experienced limited tactical success in fighting the drug menace, by dismantling drug cartels, pressuring the Colombian Government to attack these cartels and fumigating the coco crops. But this has not diffused the problem because drug production continues despite the crackdown measures of the U.S. Government, with drug production shifting inland into territory controlled by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia and aiding in the insurrection of this Party against the Colombian Government. How then can the proliferation in coca production and thereby increase in drug traffic be curtailed? Studies appear to suggest that it is the economic benefits that are to be gained by coca production which is the causal factor that increases production, therefore one of the ways to tackle this problem appears to be by providing better economic incentives. Another reason for the explosion in drug trafficking is the civil war in Colombia which enables the coca and poppy growers to escape the crackdown by the Government and law enforcement authorities. Lastly, the most important reason why the drug trade is flourishing has to do with the strong demand that exist in the United States. This is the major reason why drug production thrives, therefore it appears that coca eradication and aid to end the civil war in Colombia may not be as effective in eliminating the drug problem as tackling the problem of the demand that exists in the United States, through a comprehensive drug eradication policy. Therefore, the best way to control excess production of illegal crops in Colombia is for the United States to clamp down on the growing demand within its own territories. 1. It appears that it is largely economic factors that are propelling the proliferation in growth of coca in Columbia and the concomitant violence that ahs been the result. In a recent, comprehensive study conducted by Holmes et al (2006), the relation between

Global Health and Turkey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Health and Turkey - Essay Example Global Health and Turkey This effort by the government is a good healthcare move because in Turkey cardiovascular diseases are the highest cause for death in non-communicable diseases. The country population growth rate is at 1.2 percent according to the 2012 statistics. Turkey’s population is estimated at almost 81 million. Turkey has had tremendous progress technologically, economically, politically and medically. The biggest positive change to happen in Turkey is its dedication to reducing tobacco use amongst its citizens. The government’s commitment to help in the fight against tobacco use is a beneficial asset to the Turkish people. This is aimed at enhancing the life quality of its nationals. There are still numerous challenges that are still in existent in the country this include the high rate of infant mortality rate, the high unemployment rate and inadequate water supply. Cardiovascular diseases remain the main challenge resulting in deaths alongside deaths from diabetes in non-commun icable diseases. There are currently programs in Turkey that target respiratory diseases, inactivity, obesity and anti-tobacco use. Despite the adequate funding allocated towards health promotion and education, there are no current policies, programs or action plans in operation to increase awareness of cardiovascular diseases. Behavior Tobacco use is an urgent issue that has to be addressed in Turkey. In relation to the question, it is essential to note that Tobacco use in Turkey is so vast that it affects the majority of the population in the country. To curb this alarming trend, it is critical that certain programs and policies have to introduce to increase awareness of the increased use of tobacco. This increased tobacco use has led to high death rates as a result of cardiovascular diseases. To change this behavior of tobacco use, there has to increased awareness of measures to prevent to halt the spreading of this trend. To enable this, screening measures have to be accessible to all the populations to halt tertiary complications resulting from continuous use of tobacco (Phillips & MacCracken, 2012). Targeting non communicable diseases will enhance the life quality of the individuals. Specific Population Affected The majority male adults are the segment of the Turkish population that is likely to benefit from these anti-tobacco policies that will be introduced. This is because mostly the adult males at their prime ages engage in this vice of tobacco use. In Turkey according to national statistics, 30 percent of the population is engaged in tobacco use. This, however, is a minimum statistic as the rates of smoking a said to increasing by the day. Among the highest users of tobacco, 48 percent is men. Tobacco use amongst the men in tobacco has been equated to the fight against terrorism. Because of the extensive use of tobacco, the stereotype of Turkish being smokers gets adopted throughout the globe. Methods to improve this situation To improve this condit ion and in general and to improve the health of Turkish nationals, the following measures have to undertake to curb this vice. Policies shave to be introduced and implemented to curb the continuous abuse of tobacco in Turkey. Amongst the policies, to be passed include the introduction of smoke free environment where there should be no smoking in public places and indoor places (Skolnik,2008). This prevents the exposure to

Should We Pay College Athletes Essay Example for Free

Should We Pay College Athletes Essay Should we pay college athletes? That is a big topic in NCAA sports right now. People think that college athletes work hard and that they deserve to get paid. Michael Wilbon is one of these people. At first he was against paying college athletes, but now he is all for it. He says that he is interested in seeing the people that make revenue share a little piece of it. Then you have people like a reporter from the Daily Evergreen. He is against paying the athletes. He states that when you are a student athlete it is student first and athlete second, and that if you start paying college athletes it will put being an athlete first. I strongly think that college athletes shouldn’t be paid for playing sports in college. Paying players to play sports in college can cause players to ruin their career, cause the NCAA to be one sided, and would take away scholarships. The first problem with paying college athletes is that it could ruin a college athlete’s future career. For example, what happens when you give a little kid money? They spend it on junk that they don’t need. So the same thing would happen with most young college athletes. Think about it, you’re giving a teenager straight out of high schools a bunch of money to come a play sports at your school. Teenagers are not responsible with money. A prime example of this happening is Josh Hamilton. Hamilton is a professional baseball player in the Major Leagues. He got drafted out of high school and signed a contract with the Tampa Bay Rays for nearly 4 million dollars. He got hooked up with the wrong people and ended up blowing all his money on drugs and tattoos. He even got kicked out of Major League baseball for a while. I think that this would happen to a lot of player in college if they got paid. Another problem with paying college athletes is that it will cause the NCAA to become one sided. It will make college sports just like professional sports. The colleges with the most money will have the best teams and the colleges with the least money will have the worst teams. The competition would disintegrate. Take a look at professional baseball for example. The highest paid team in the Majors is the New York Yankees, and they are also the best. The lowest paid team is the Kansas City Royals, and they are the worst team in baseball. New York has money to buy the best players out there, while the Royals don’t. They can’t get good players because of their budget. This is exactly what would happen if college athletes got paid. The college with the highest budget would get the best players in the country, while the college with the worst budget wouldn’t be able to get good players. This will make the same teams good and the same teams bad year in and year out. It would take all the competition away. The third and final reason that paying college athletes is a bad choice is that it would take away scholarships. Think about it, you are already paying college athletes to play by giving them scholarships. Why would you need to pay them more to play if they have a scholarship already? You wouldn’t. Which means that scholarships would be gone all together and that’s not fair to everyone else? What about the people that are non-athletes? They wouldn’t be able to get scholarships because they don’t play sports. This would cause the student population to decrease. Lots of people can’t afford to go to the colleges they go to. The only reason they can go is because scholarships allow them to. It’s not right to take away the opportunity for less fortunate people. So I think that paying college athletes is a bad idea. It could ruin a players career giving them a lot of money at a young age, like it almost did to Josh Hamilton of the Texas Rangers. It would also cause the NCAA to be uncompetitive and become exactly like the professional leagues. And lastly it would get rid of scholarships, which would take away opportunities of a lot of college students that are non-athletes Works Cited Chait, Jonathan. â€Å"Fixing College Sports: Why Paying Student Athletes Won’t Work† New York Magazine Mar.2012. Web. 29 Mar.2012 Hamilton, Josh, and Tim Keown â€Å"Beyond Belief† New York: Hamilton, 2008 â€Å"College Athletes Should Not Get Paid To Play† The Daily Evergreen Aug. 2011. Web. 29 Mar. 2012

Performance appraisal for human resources

Performance appraisal for human resources Introduction: Usually as everybody thinks that working in human resources has one hard moment. It is hard to recognize when the job is successfully completed. However, human Resources activities and initiatives are usually a long term activities and it is hard to see any result immediately. As we can give a description, for Performance appraisal which may engage too many things such like identification, besides measurement, along with management of individual performance in business enterprises. Business enterprises frequently carry out appraisals designed for managerial, which is a assessment concerning a staff work circumstances, together with promotions along with rewards, also or even developmental, which is a assessment concerning spiraling the staff profession talents, together with counseling along with teaching principles. On the other hand, we can add here that dissatisfaction in the midst of appraisals is widespread. Moreover, on the same subject as it has been disclosed frequently that Human Resource proficients, as well line managers, in addition to staff voice frustration. Furthermore, we can find also that a lot of workforces comprise trouble through appraisal that might explanation for the little life extent of the standard appraisal scheme. Etihad Airways Performance appraisal system: Etihad Airways is the National Airline of the United Arab Emirates. The airline was set up and started commercial operations in 2003, in Abu Dhabi, the capital of the UAE. Etihad started with an initial paid-up capital of AED500 million, with the twin objectives of creating an airline that would put up with the UAE flag and expand true Arabian hospitality to their guests. Their name reflects this spirit: Etihad is Arabic for united, and for this reason a representation of the bonding along with the seven emirates that constitute the UAE. So far, Etihad grew at an extraordinary rapidity, accumulation more or less one new route a month. In June 2007, Etihad achieved another milestone: 42 destinations. By 2010, Etihad plan to touch 70 international destinations. The performance appraisal system in the Etihad Airways has a vertical chain of dialogue and reviews must be strengthened, for which the performance appraisal system will play an essential role in the case of Etihad Airways. The prime responsibility for action to preparation failures in performance will lie with supervisors and managers at all levels in the Etihad Airways. Additionally, the Etihad Airways is taking into consideration establishing transparent liability mechanisms and will define the policy framework for exercising responsibilities of both management and staff. Etihad Airways has created and implemented a system that provides tools for employees, supervisors, human resources professionals, and senior leaders to plan, monitor, and evaluate career development opportunities for all employees at and above the director level. In place for many years, such system includes metrics and quarterly reviews of employee ratings, promotions, attrition/hires, developmental opportunities, officer appointments, and assignments to help achieve a diverse workforce. Staff at Etihad Airways motivates supervisors to develop career paths for their employees, including those who may have been who may have been overlooked or underestimated. On staff development, performance management and career support, at Etihad Airways states that the Performance Appraisal System (PAS) has been revised, and a process has been initiated to identify center organizational competencies. Moreover, more systematic approach to mission assignments is being implemented. Analysis Adopting Appraisal: Performance appraisal is a critical activity of Human Resource management. Its goal is to provide an accurate picture of past and or even future employee performance. To achieve this, performance standards are established. The standards are based on the job; related criteria that best determine successful job performance, where possible, actual performance is measured directly and objectively. The primary footstep in the performance appraisal procedure is recognizing the subject that is to be considered. Therefore, it is clear that supervisors should recognize the phases or even aspects of performance, which might find out efficient employment performance. At this point, we can find that such progression looks straightforward, other than it may be rather complex. On the other hand, whether a considerable measurement is lost, staff self-esteem might put up with for the reason of staff that performs fine on such measurement might not be accepted or even satisfied. As we can conclude this subject, whether an unrelated or even minor measurement is incorporated, staff might recognize the complete appraisal progression the same as worthless. The performance appraisal system in Etihad Airways of research has a vertical chain of conversation along with reviews might be strengthened, keen for the same the performance appraisal process will play a vital role in the case of Etihad Airways of research. The prime responsibility for action to preparation failures in practice will depend with supervisors as well as managers at every level in the company of study. Additionally, the Etihad Airways of research is taking into consideration establishing clear accountability mechanisms and will fix the policy framework for exercising responsibilities of both management and staff. Etihad Airways of research has created and implemented a way that gives tools for staffs, besides supervisors, as well human resources professionals, along with a high level leaders to develop, monitor, moreover, evaluate career development chances for every staff at plus above the director level. Furthermore, in order for many years, such plan includes metric s along with quarterly reviews of staff ratings, besides promotions, as well attrition/hires, addition to developmental opportunities, along with officer appointments, also assignments to assist gain a clear labor force. Staff at Etihad Airways of research motivates supervisors to pursue employment manners for their staffs, in addition to those who might have been who can have been overlooked or even underestimated. On staff development, performance management and employment assistance, at Etihad Airways of research states which the Performance Appraisal System has been evaluated, in addition to a case has been initiated to determine center organizational competencies. Moreover, more systematic approach to exercise assignments is being implemented. Conclusion: The new world of work demands employee performance instead of loyalty creativity instead of compliance, and earned rewards instead of entitlements. The role of the Human Resource function is not limited to the policies, practices and systems under its control. That role is important and certainly can contribute to an organizations success but human resource is in a position to influence the way people are managed across an organization. At the end we can get to say that the Human Resource professional must maintain a thorough understanding of positions and needs across such firm, to help each individual experience the right job fit. Moreover, this should bring into the light yourself with the talents and capabilities of each person in your organization. Keep excellent documentation of testing, job applications, performance appraisals, and performance development plans. While there is some evidence that performance appraisal adjustments have been done because of initiating a performance appraisal, it needs to be emphasized that these studies have looked at particularly specific aspects of the system rather than at the whole system that may have been implemented. Very little research has considered the outcomes of a complete performance appraisal in action. A possible explanation may be the difficulty in evaluating such systems. The evaluation of high performance is principally dependent upon the measurement category selected besides these are in move derived from the underlying thought of performance appraisal. Although, within a given approach to performance appraisal, the execution of specific strategies along with structures might be also similarly than others to provide high performance appraisal, there are no guarantees which this will be the position. Performance appraisal is subject to effect from a difference of factors within not only inside elements like as performance appraisal, structures, processes and evaluation, but also external elements that are far less predictable. High performance appraisal, hence, irrespective of the concept to managing adopted, actually depends upon the alignment of inside systems via the larger system within which the business enterprise is located.